1 September 2020
How did horses get to the Americas? When did they arrive, and from where? With this blog, we open an exciting, new category entitled 'Things you didn't learn in history books'. This opens up a range of possibilities, so El Patio would like to invite both teachers and students to contribute. Read the blog and then find out how to participate - there will be cash rewards!
Indio arriero del Códice de Trujillo, Perú
Todo el mundo conoce la historia del tomate o la patata, papa en su lengua original. Menos conocido es el hecho de que los españoles llevaron el caballo al continente americano.
De la misma forma que la patata ayudó a mitigar el hambre en Europa, el caballo supuso un gran progreso en América.
En el segundo viaje de Colón que tuvo partida de Cádiz el 25 de septiembre de 1493, se llevaron los primeros veinte caballos y cinco yeguas de procedencia andualuza. Esta expedición llegó a la actual República Dominicana, después el caballo pasó a Cuba y de allí al continente.
Como anécdota de la importancia que tuvo el caballo en la exploración y conquista de los españoles en América, Bernal Díaz del Castillo, escribano de Hernán Cortés y autor de "La verdadera historia de la conquista de México", no concreta los nombres de los acompañantes de Cortés, sin embargo sí que anota el nombre de todos los caballos que les acompañaban.
Por otra parte, en el libro "Visión de los vencidos", Miguel León Portilla nos cuenta como los enviados de Montezuma le relatan a éste que los españoles iban montados en una especie de venados enormes pero sin cuernos.
Todo lo concerniente a la cultura del caballo pasó también a formar parte de la cultura del "nuevo" continente: "los ranchos" y "el ranchero", "la hacienda", "las sillas de montar" "la cincha", "el estribo", "el vaquero", "las espuelas", "los zahones", "la herradura" y muchas otras. De esta forma, "el cowboy" norteamericano, "el ranchero" mexicano, "el gaucho" argentino y el "arriero" chileno o peruano son todos descendientes del jinete andaluz.
Otra curiosidad es la palabra "mustang" que viene del castellano "mesteño" o caballo sin dueño, salvaje. Con el paso de los años, más y más caballos escaparon y se hicieron salvajes. Los pueblos nativos no tardaron mucho en domesticarlos y a aprender a montarlos con gran maestría, lo que se conocerá más tarde como "la cultura del caballo en los nativos de EE.UU". El caballo supuso un gran cambio en la forma de vida del nativo americano, aportándole grandes ventajas para la caza del visonte, facilidad de movimiento y resistencia frente a la invasión de los colonos europeos.
(Para más información sobre el tema, véanse todas las producciones de Hollywood del viejo oeste y, claro está, los "spaghetti western" rodados en Almería, España).
Everyone knows the history of the tomato or the potato, papa in its original language. Less well known is the fact that the Spanish brought the horse to the American continent.
In the same way that the potato helped alleviate hunger in Europe, the horse allowed for great progress in America.
The second voyage of Columbus – which departed Cádiz on September 25, 1493 - carried the first twenty Andalusian horses and five mares. This expedition reached the current Dominican Republic, from where the horses went to Cuba and from there to the mainland.
Demonstrating the importance that the horse had in the exploration and conquest of the Spanish in America, Bernal Díaz del Castillo, scribe of Hernán Cortés and author of, ‘The true story of the conquest of Mexico’, does not specify the names of the companions of Cortés, however, he does list the names of all the accompanying horses.
Equally, in the book, ‘Vision of the Vanquished’, Miguel León Portilla tells us how Montezuma's envoys told to him that the Spaniards were riding upon a kind of huge deer without horns.
Everything concerning the culture of the horse became part of the culture of the ‘new’ continent: the ranches and the rancher, the "hacienda", saddles, the girth, the stirrup, the cowboy, the spurs, the chaps, the horseshoe and much more. In this way, the American cowboy, the Mexican rancher (ranchero), the Argentine gaucho and the Chilean or Peruvian arriero are all descendants of the Andalusian horseman.
Another curiosity is the word ‘mustang' that comes from the Spanish mesteño or ‘horse without owner; wild’. Over the years, more and more horses ran away and went wild. It didn't take long for Indigenous peoples to tame and learn to ride them with great mastery, later to be known as ‘Native American horse culture.’ The horse brought about a great change in the way of life for Native Americans, affording great advantages for hunting the mink, facilitating ease of movement and, importantly, resistance to the invasion of European settlers.
(For more information on the subject, see Hollywood productions of the Old West and, of course, the ‘Spaghetti Westerns’ filmed in Almería, Spain).
Things they didn't tell you in history books - Hechos que no nos contaron en los libros de Historia
We invite you to submit a story to be published in this blog category on our website. Anyone whose work is accepted will be awarded with cash or a voucher (for study) to the value of $100.00.
The following conditions must be met for publication:
Contact us here if you have any questions! Now get writing!
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